1．安装RPM包
2. 建组、用户、目录及权限
# mkdir -p /u01/oracle --建立安装目录
# groupadd dba
# groupadd oinstall
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle --设置密码
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
3. 配置用户限制
在/etc/security/limits.conf 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下参数
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
4. 配置内核参数
在/etc/sysctl.conf 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下参数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304
修改完成后执行
/sbin/sysctl -p 使之立即生效
设置oracle用户的环境变量
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile
export PATH
unset USERNAME
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ogg
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/db0
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin
vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 slave2 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 slave2 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
vi /etc/fstab
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=4G 0 0
mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm
5. 解压oracle安装文件
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
6. 创建/etc/oraInst.loc文件,内容如下
[root@oracleasm ~]# cd /etc
[root@oracleasm etc]# vi oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
修改文件权限
[root@slave2 etc]# chown oracle:oinstall oraInst.loc
[root@slave2 etc]# chmod 664 oraInst.loc
二、静默安装Oracle软件
从response目录下面复制一份rsp文件出来
[oracle@oracleasm ~]$ cd /u01
[oracle@slave2 u01]$ cp ./database/response/*.* ./.
[oracle@slave2 u01]$ ls
database dbca.rsp db_install.rsp netca.rsp oracle oraInventory
修改安装Oracle软件的响应文件/u01/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ##29 行 安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=slave2 ##37 行 主机名称
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall ##42 行 安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oracle/oraInventory ##47 行 INVENTORY目录
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en ##78 行 选择语言
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/db0 ##83 行 oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle ##88 行 oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE ##99 行 oracle版本
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true ##108行 自定义安装
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba ##142行 dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall ##147行 oper用户组
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE ##160行 数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl ##165行 globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl ##170行 SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512 ##192行 自动管理内存的最小内存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle ##233行 设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true ##385行 设置安全更新
执行安装
$./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /u01/db_install.rsp
等待安装直到出现：
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
三、静默配置监听
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /u01/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
$ /u01/oracle/product//db0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
成功运行后，在/u01/app/oracle/product/db0/network/admin目录下生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件。
通过netstat -tlnp 命令，看到
tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 5477/tnslsnr
说明监听器已经在1521端口上开始工作了。
四、静默安装数据库
修改仅安装数据库的响应文件/u01/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME="ogg.slave1" ##78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="ogg" ##149行 SID
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" ##415行 编码
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" ##425行 编码
执行安装
[oracle@oracleasm ~]$ cd /u01
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u01/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password:
Enter SYSTEM user password:
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ogg/ogg.log" for further details.
完成后检查一下实例状态
$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle 8306 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ogg
oracle 8310 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_ogg
oracle 8316 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ogg
oracle 8320 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ogg
oracle 8324 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ogg
oracle 8328 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ogg
oracle 8332 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ogg
oracle 8336 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ogg
oracle 8340 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ogg
oracle 8344 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ogg
oracle 8348 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ogg
oracle 8352 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ogg
oracle 8356 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ogg
oracle 8360 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_ogg
oracle 8364 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ogg
oracle 8368 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ogg
oracle 8372 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ogg
oracle 8467 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ogg
oracle 8496 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ogg
oracle 8500 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ogg
oracle 8504 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ogg
检查一下监听状态
$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-DEC-2013 21:51:21
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 23-DEC-2013 20:50:40
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 0 min. 41 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/db0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/slave2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=slave2)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ogg.slave2" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ogg", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oggXDB.slave2" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ogg", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
至此安装完毕！
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/db0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
OGG =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ogg.localhost.localdomain)
)
)
cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/db0/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle
发生
Message ... not found; No message file for product=network, facility=NL最常见的原因就是环境变量 $ORACLE_HOME 没有正确设置。
所以，第一步就是检查 环境变量 ORACLE_HOME 正确
另一个可能性就是 *.msg 或者 *.msb 文件丢失了
根据提示的product=network, facility=NL查查看
cd $ORACLE_HOME/$product/mesg
ls nl* 看看在不在 （NL 是facility,在这里要小心大小写，ignore 掉大小写， NL 要改为 nl )
如果相应的*.msg 或者 *.msb 不存在，那就是文件丢失了
INS-32012:Unable to create directory : string.
全部释义和例句>>ins-32012：无法创建目录：字符串
2. 建组、用户、目录及权限
# mkdir -p /u01/oracle --建立安装目录
# groupadd dba
# groupadd oinstall
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle --设置密码
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
3. 配置用户限制
在/etc/security/limits.conf 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下参数
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
4. 配置内核参数
在/etc/sysctl.conf 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下参数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304
修改完成后执行
/sbin/sysctl -p 使之立即生效
设置oracle用户的环境变量
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile
export PATH
unset USERNAME
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ogg
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/db0
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin
vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 slave2 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 slave2 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
vi /etc/fstab
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=4G 0 0
mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm
5. 解压oracle安装文件
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
6. 创建/etc/oraInst.loc文件,内容如下
[root@oracleasm ~]# cd /etc
[root@oracleasm etc]# vi oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
修改文件权限
[root@slave2 etc]# chown oracle:oinstall oraInst.loc
[root@slave2 etc]# chmod 664 oraInst.loc
二、静默安装Oracle软件
从response目录下面复制一份rsp文件出来
[oracle@oracleasm ~]$ cd /u01
[oracle@slave2 u01]$ cp ./database/response/*.* ./.
[oracle@slave2 u01]$ ls
database dbca.rsp db_install.rsp netca.rsp oracle oraInventory
修改安装Oracle软件的响应文件/u01/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ##29 行 安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=slave2 ##37 行 主机名称
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall ##42 行 安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oracle/oraInventory ##47 行 INVENTORY目录
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en ##78 行 选择语言
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/db0 ##83 行 oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle ##88 行 oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE ##99 行 oracle版本
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true ##108行 自定义安装
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba ##142行 dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall ##147行 oper用户组
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE ##160行 数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl ##165行 globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl ##170行 SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512 ##192行 自动管理内存的最小内存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle ##233行 设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true ##385行 设置安全更新
执行安装
$./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /u01/db_install.rsp
等待安装直到出现：
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
三、静默配置监听
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /u01/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
$ /u01/oracle/product//db0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
成功运行后，在/u01/app/oracle/product/db0/network/admin目录下生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件。
通过netstat -tlnp 命令，看到
tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 5477/tnslsnr
说明监听器已经在1521端口上开始工作了。
四、静默安装数据库
修改仅安装数据库的响应文件/u01/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME="ogg.slave1" ##78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="ogg" ##149行 SID
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" ##415行 编码
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" ##425行 编码
执行安装
[oracle@oracleasm ~]$ cd /u01
[oracle@oracleasm u01]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u01/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password:
Enter SYSTEM user password:
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ogg/ogg.log" for further details.
完成后检查一下实例状态
$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle 8306 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ogg
oracle 8310 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_ogg
oracle 8316 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ogg
oracle 8320 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ogg
oracle 8324 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ogg
oracle 8328 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ogg
oracle 8332 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ogg
oracle 8336 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ogg
oracle 8340 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ogg
oracle 8344 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ogg
oracle 8348 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ogg
oracle 8352 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ogg
oracle 8356 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ogg
oracle 8360 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_ogg
oracle 8364 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ogg
oracle 8368 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ogg
oracle 8372 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ogg
oracle 8467 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ogg
oracle 8496 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ogg
oracle 8500 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ogg
oracle 8504 1 0 21:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ogg
检查一下监听状态
$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-DEC-2013 21:51:21
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 23-DEC-2013 20:50:40
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 0 min. 41 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/db0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/slave2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=slave2)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ogg.slave2" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ogg", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oggXDB.slave2" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ogg", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
至此安装完毕！
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/db0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
OGG =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ogg.localhost.localdomain)
)
)
cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/db0/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle
发生
Message ... not found; No message file for product=network, facility=NL最常见的原因就是环境变量 $ORACLE_HOME 没有正确设置。
所以，第一步就是检查 环境变量 ORACLE_HOME 正确
另一个可能性就是 *.msg 或者 *.msb 文件丢失了
根据提示的product=network, facility=NL查查看
cd $ORACLE_HOME/$product/mesg
ls nl* 看看在不在 （NL 是facility,在这里要小心大小写，ignore 掉大小写， NL 要改为 nl )
如果相应的*.msg 或者 *.msb 不存在，那就是文件丢失了
INS-32012:Unable to create directory : string.
全部释义和例句>>ins-32012：无法创建目录：字符串
编辑回复