自开一贴，记录每天学习的shell

赞一个，一起加油。

嗯嗯  {:4_107:}  握手    {:4_109:}

本帖最后由 hlymlv 于 2015-12-22 21:22 编辑

通过shell 标准输入重定向：
#!/bin/bash
linenumber=1
read oneline
while [ "$oneline" != ""  ]
do
     echo -e "$linenumber:$oneline\n"
     linenumber=`expr $linenumber + 1`
     read oneline
done
exit 0
执行命令:sh 1.sh < file1（该shell用于按行号输出一个文件，但是匹配空行就会结束）
linenumber,oneline为自己设定，可更改
read oneline 读取一行，expr 增量计数（该shell中体现的，还有其他功能），在循环中用于增量计算

语句块的输入输出重定向：
#!/bin/bash
read -p  "please enter the pathname:" n
c=0
filename=`basename $n`
while read l
do
c=`expr $c + 1`
echo "$c:$l"
done<$n>"$filename.line"
echo "output file is $filename.line"
exit
要掌握的就是这个<>,这个我的理解就是将文件重定向到while循环和 文件名.line中  不是很懂{:4_99:}  

本帖最后由 hlymlv 于 2016-1-4 14:17 编辑

计算字符串长度：
#!/bin/bash
echo "This script will tell you the length of your input!"
#使用空命令冒号构建无限循环
while :
do
  read -p "Please Enter a Sting(or quit):"
  case "$REPLY" in
    [Qq]|[Qq][Uu][Ii][Tt])
       echo "Bye."
#在输入大小写quit时，退出
        exit
        ;;
     *)
    len=$(expr length "$REPLY")
#使用expr命令计算字符串的长度
    echo "Length:$len"
        ;;
    esac
done
exit
要掌握的：expr length
执行效果：
[root@lazy ~]# sh   1.sh
please enter the string(or quit):daksl
Length:5
please enter the string(or quit):dsfkl;
Length:6
please enter the string(or quit):re ewr
Length:6
please enter the string(or quit):q
Bye.

{:4_109:}好像很厉害的样子，学习了

本帖最后由 hlymlv 于 2016-1-4 14:41 编辑

select 快速创建菜单：
#/bin/bash
echo "which directory do you want to list:"
echo "(Press \"Enter\" directory to show menu again)"
select dir in /home /tmp /usr/local /usr/share quit
do
if [ -n "$dir" ] ;then
if [ "$dir" = "quit" ]
then
echo " You entered quit,Byebye!"
break;
else
echo "You selected directory \"$dir\",it contains following files:"
ls -l $dir
fi
else
echo "Error,invalid selection \"$REPLY\".choose again!"
fi
echo "which directory do you want to list:"
echo "(Press \"Enter\" directory to show menu again)"
done
exit
执行效果：[root@lazy victor]# sh 5.sh
which directory do you want to list:
(Press "Enter" directory to show menu again)
1) /home
2) /tmp
3) /usr/local
4) /usr/share
5) quit
#?
1
You selected directory "/home",it contains following files:
total 24
drwx------ 2     502     502 4096 Dec 22 20:08 lazy
drwx------ 2 user1   user1   4096 Dec 25 17:03 user1
drwx------ 2 user2   user2   4096 Dec 25 17:03 user2
drwx------ 2 user3   user3   4096 Dec 25 17:03 user3
which directory do you want to list:
(Press "Enter" directory to show menu again)
#?
1) /home
2) /tmp
3) /usr/local
4) /usr/share
5) quit
#? 5
You entered quit,Byebye!
要掌握的就是这个格式：select   dir  in
do
done

好厉害

计算新年(元旦)还需要多少个星期：
#!/bin/bash
echo "Today is $(date +%F)"
#获得今天是这一年的第几天
date=$(date +%j)
echo "There is $(((365-$date)/ 7)) weeks before New Year."
#在$date 的两侧需要有空格
echo "Have passed $(expr $date / 7 ) weeks in this Year."
#let命令的算数表达式不能包含任何空格
let weeks=(365-$date)/7
echo "There is $weeks weeks before New Year."
exit

我也去开一贴去。不错

本帖最后由 hlymlv 于 2015-12-29 22:10 编辑

嗯嗯 相互学习 {:4_109:}
shell的引用：使用 \ 进行脱意：
如：[victor@lazy ~]$  echo A: \ is my floppy drive;OS:windows
A:  is my floppy drive
-bash: OS:windows: command not found
正确方式：
[victor@lazy ~]$ echo A: \\ is my floppy drive\;OS:windows
A: \ is my floppy drive;OS:windows
使用 ' 进行处理：
[victor@lazy ~]$ echo 'A: \ is my floppy drive;OS:windows'
A: \ is my floppy drive;OS:windows
使用" 进行处理：
[victor@lazy ~]$ echo "A: \ is my floppy drive;OS:windows"
A: \ is my floppy drive;OS:windows
以上为三种引用方式，去掉特殊字符的含义
\：反斜杠，转义，去除其后紧跟的元字符或通配符的特殊意义。
''：单引号，硬转义，其内部所有的shell元字符、通配符都会被关掉。注意，硬转义中不允许出现’(单引号)。
""：双引号，软转义，其内部只允许出现特定的shell元字符($,`,\)：$用于变量值替换、`用于命令替换、\用于转义单个字符

命令拆分：[victor@lazy ~]$ echo hello,\
> world
hello,world
[victor@lazy ~]$ echo 'hello,
> world'
hello,
world
[victor@lazy ~]$ echo "hello,
> world"
hello,
world

本帖最后由 hlymlv 于 2015-12-30 18:44 编辑

linux中shell变量$#,$@,$0,$1,$2的含义解释 ：
变量说明:
$$
Shell本身的PID（ProcessID）
$!
Shell最后运行的后台Process的PID
$?
最后运行的命令的结束代码（返回值）
$-
使用Set命令设定的Flag一览
$*
所有参数列表。如"$*"用「"」括起来的情况、以"$1 $2 … $n"的形式输出所有参数。
$@
所有参数列表。如"$@"用「"」括起来的情况、以"$1" "$2" … "$n" 的形式输出所有参数。
$#
添加到Shell的参数个数
$0
Shell本身的文件名
$1～$n
添加到Shell的各参数值。$1是第1参数、$2是第2参数…。
示例：
#!/bin/bash
printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$$"
printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$!"
printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$?"
printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$*"
printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$@"
printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$#"
printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$0"
printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$1"
printf "The complete list is %s\n" "$2"

[victor@lazy ~]$ sh 9.sh 123456 QQ
The complete list is 19754
The complete list is
The complete list is 0
The complete list is 123456 QQ
The complete list is 123456#
The complete list is QQ#这两行为$@输出的值
The complete list is 2
The complete list is 9.sh
The complete list is 123456
The complete list is QQ

本帖最后由 hlymlv 于 2015-12-30 20:43 编辑

查看一个进程是否运行，并获得该进程的pid：
#!/bin/bash
pidof_process()
{
if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
echo "Error,Function pidof_process() need one argument!"
exit 1
fi
#通过命令pidof获得进程的pid
local pid=`pidof "$1" |tr ' ' '\n'`
if [ -z "$pid" ]
then
echo "$1 is not running!"
return 1
else
echo "$pid"
return 0
fi
}
read -p "please enter the process's name:" n
PID=`pidof_process "$n"`
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo -e "Pid of process \"$n\":\n$PID"
else
echo -e "Pid of process\"$n\":NOT found"
fi
exit 0
[root@lazy victor]# sh 9.sh
please enter the process's name:httpd
Pid of process "httpd":
28095
28094
28031
28030
28029
28028
28027
2636

本帖最后由 hlymlv 于 2016-1-4 20:15 编辑

求阶乘（20以内）：
#!/bin/bash
recursive()
{
if [ $1 -eq 1 ]
then
echo "1"
return 0
fi
#构建减一等式
m=`expr $1 - 1 `
#运用递归，实现依次减一，直至满足上面if语句
n=`recursive $m`
#阶乘de实现，n！=n*（n-1）*(n-2)*(n-3)…*1
result=`expr $1 \* $n`
echo $result
return 0
}
read -p "Enter a number(<20)to do n! operation(type "quit" to exit):" i
until [ "$i" = "quit" ]
do
case $i in
[1-9]|[1][0-9]|20)
outcome=`recursive "$i"`
echo "$i!=$outcome"
;;
*)
echo "Not a valid number,Enter again!"
;;
esac
read -p "Enter a number(<20)to do n! operation(type "quit" to exit):" i
done
echo "Bye."
exit 0
[victor@lazy ~]$ sh 10.sh
Enter a number(<20)to do n! operation(type quit to exit):11
11!=39916800
Enter a number(<20)to do n! operation(type quit to exit):quit
Bye.

while循环构建（后半部分）：
while :
do
read -p "Enter a number(<20)to do n! operation(type "quit" to exit):" i
case $i in
[Qq]|[Qq][Uu][Ii][Tt])
echo "Bye."
exit
;;
[1-9]|[1][0-9]|[20])
result=`recursive $i`
echo "$i!=$result"
;;
*)
echo "Not a valid number,Enter again!"
;;
esac
done
exit 0

简单的函数库调用：
library.lib（需加x权限，并执行才能被调用，不能）
#！/bin/echo  Warning:this is a library which should be sourced !
system()
{
local l=`uname -s`
platform=$l
}
12.sh，调用library.lib函数库:
#!/bin/bash
source ./library.lib
system
echo "Our running platform is $platform"
exit 0
[victor@lazy ~]$ sh 12.sh
Our running platform is Linux

本帖最后由 hlymlv 于 2016-1-4 20:49 编辑

修改多个文件中的站点(自动化方式解决)：
#!/bin/bash
for file in "$@"
do
sed 's/jerry.com/ace.com/g'  "$file" > "$file.$$"
if [ -f $file.$$ ];then
mv -f "$file.$$" "$file"
fi
done
echo " All Done. "
exit 0
执行命令：sh 14.sh *.html
sed 实现多个命令编辑：
sed -e 's/root/lazy/g' -e 's/2015/2016/g' 1.txt
sed 's/root/lazy/g;s/2015/2016/g' 1.txt
#文件形式
sed -f file 1.txt
cat file
's/root/lazy/g'
's/2015/2016/g'sed
打印奇数行：sed -n '1~3'p 1.txt
sed打印偶数行：sed  -n '0~2'p 1.txt
sed打印1到4行：sed  -n '1,+3'p 1.txt
sed打印1到4行以外,!用于取反：sed -n '1,+3!'p 1.txt
注意用法 ，以上仅做参考

本帖最后由 hlymlv 于 2016-1-2 10:59 编辑

使用表格形式输出用户及其id并添加标题：
14.sh
BEGIN{
printf "%-15s%s\n","username","uid";
printf "------------\n";
}
{
printf "%-15s%s\n",$1,$3;
}
执行效果：
[victor@lazy ~]$ awk -F ':' -f 14.sh /etc/passwd
username       uid
------------
root           0
bin            1
daemon         2
adm            3
lp             4
sync           5
shutdown       6
halt           7
mail           8
uucp           10
%-15s 显示最小长度为15个字符串，不足的话右边补空格；%s表示参数字符串

一键安装lanmp，nginx:80 apache:81
#!/bin/bash
echo "It will install lanmp."
sleep 3
##check last command is OK or not.
check_ok() {
if [ $? != 0 ]
then
    echo "Error, Check the error log."
    exit 1
fi
}
##get the archive of the system,i686 or x86_64.
ar=`uname -m`
##close seliux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
selinux_s=`getenforce`
if [ $selinux_s == "enforcing" ]
then
    setenforce 0
fi
##close iptables
iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables_`date +%F`
iptables -F
service iptables save

##if the packge installed ,then omit.
myum() {
if ! rpm -qa|grep -q "^$1"
then
    yum install -y $1
    check_ok
else
    echo $1 already installed.
fi
}

## install some packges.
for p in gcc wget perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel
do
    myum $p
done

##install epel.
if rpm -qa epel-release >/dev/null
then
    rpm -e epel-release
fi
if ls /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-6.repo* >/dev/null 2>&1
then
    rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-6.repo*
fi
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo


##function of installing mysqld.
install_mysqld() {
            cd /usr/local/src
            [ -f mysql-5.1.73-linux-$ar-glibc23.tar.gz ] || wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.73-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz
            tar zxf mysql-5.1.73-linux-$ar-glibc23.tar.gz
            check_ok
            [ -d /usr/local/mysql ] && /bin/mv /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql_`date +%s`
            mv mysql-5.1.73-linux-$ar-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql
            check_ok
            if ! grep -q '^mysql:' /etc/passwd
            then
                useradd -M mysql -s /sbin/nologin
                check_ok
            fi
            myum compat-libstdc++-33
            [ -d /data/mysql ] && /bin/mv /data/mysql /data/mysql_`date +%s`
            mkdir -p /data/mysql
            chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
            cd /usr/local/mysql
            ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
            check_ok
            /bin/cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
            check_ok
            sed -i '/^\[mysqld\]$/a\datadir = /data/mysql' /etc/my.cnf
            /bin/cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
            sed -i 's#^data#dir=#datadir=/data/mysql#' /etc/init.d/mysqld
            sed -i 's#^basedir=#basedir=/usr/local/mysql#' /etc/init.d/mysqld
            chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
            chkconfig --add mysqld
            chkconfig mysqld on
            service mysqld start
            check_ok
            break

}

##function of install httpd.
install_httpd() {
echo "Install apache version 2.2."
cd /usr/local/src
[ -f httpd-2.2.31.tar.gz ] || wget   http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.31.tar.gz
tar zxf  httpd-2.2.31.tar.gz && cd httpd-2.2.31
check_ok
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/apache2 \
--with-included-apr \
--enable-so \
--enable-deflate=shared \
--enable-expires=shared \
--enable-rewrite=shared \
--with-pcre
check_ok
make && make install
check_ok
sed -in 's/Listen 80/Listen 81/g' /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
sed -in  's/\#ServerName www.example.com:80/ServerName www.example.com:81/g' /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
}
##function of install lanmp's php.
install_php() {
            cd /usr/local/src/
            [ -f php-5.4.45.tar.bz2 ] || wget 'http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.4.45.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror' -O php-5.4.45.tar.bz2
            tar jxf php-5.4.45.tar.bz2 && cd php-5.4.45

            for p in openssl-devel bzip2-devel \
            libxml2-devel curl-devel libpng-devel \
            libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel\
            libtool-ltdl-devel perl-devel  
            do
                myum $p
            done
            check_ok
            ./configure \
            --prefix=/usr/local/php \
            --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs \
            --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc  \
            --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
            --with-libxml-dir \
            --with-gd \
            --with-jpeg-dir \
            --with-png-dir \
            --with-freetype-dir \
            --with-iconv-dir \
            --with-zlib-dir \
            --with-bz2 \
            --with-openssl \
            --with-mcrypt \
            --enable-soap \
            --enable-gd-native-ttf \
            --enable-mbstring \
            --enable-sockets \
            --enable-exif \
            --disable-ipv6
            check_ok
            make && make install
            check_ok
            [ -f /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini ] || /bin/cp php.ini-production  /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
            break

}

##function of apache and php configue.
join_apa_php() {
sed -i '/AddType .*.gz .tgz$/a\AddType application\/x-httpd-php .php' /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
check_ok
sed -i 's/DirectoryIndex index.html/DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm/' /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
check_ok
cat > /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.php <    phpinfo();
?>
EOF

if /usr/local/php/bin/php -i |grep -iq 'date.timezone => no value'
then
    sed -i '/;date.timezone =$/a\date.timezone = "Asia\/Chongqing"'  /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
fi

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
check_ok
}
##function of install nginx
install_nginx() {
cd /usr/local/src
[ -f nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz ] || wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
tar zxf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.8.1
myum pcre-devel
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
check_ok
make && make install
check_ok
if [ -f /etc/init.d/nginx ]
then
    /bin/mv /etc/init.d/nginx  /etc/init.d/nginx_`date +%s`
fi
curl http://www.apelearn.com/study_v2/.nginx_init  -o /etc/init.d/nginx
check_ok
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
curl http://www.apelearn.com/study_v2/.nginx_conf -o /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
check_ok
service nginx start
check_ok
}
##function of check service is running or not, example nginx, httpd, mysqld.
check_service() {
if [ "$1" == "httpd" ]
then
    s="httpd"
else
    s=$1
fi
n=`ps aux |grep "$s"|wc -l`
if [ $n -gt 1 ]
then
    echo "$1 service is already started."
else
    if [ -f /etc/init.d/$1 ]
    then
        /etc/init.d/$1 start
        check_ok
    else
        install_$1
    fi
fi
}
##function of install lanmp
lanmp() {
check_service mysqld
check_service httpd
check_service nginx
install_php
join_apa_php
echo "LANMP done，Please use 'http://your ip/index.php' to access."
}
lanmp
exit 0